A look at the new Python 3.11 features<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to the Python Software Foundation (PSF), Python 3.11 is in it\u2019s 7th alpha revision and is planned to be released in October 2022<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What changes are included for the upcoming version?<\/p>\n\n\n\n To evaluate the differences between version 3.10 and 3.11, I\u2019ve set up 2 docker containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n First container for version 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Second container for version 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Having the two containers running I can use vs code remote container<\/a> to attach to the running containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Then I can execute my Python code in the two environments and see the difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the following sections, I\u2019ll first show a code example, and then I\u2019ll show the difference between the two versions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/4443487366d6fb372ef20c5814361436<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in version 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in version 3.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n Python 3.11 discloses a better error location to the developer making an awesome developer experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The The code above represents the structure of a directory. Directories have subdirectories so the definition is recursive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Note: You can annotate the type of the In order for this code to work in 3.11 and 3.10 you can perform importing as follow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Output in Python 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n We see that the note has been added to the output and it allows developers to be more communicative in their exceptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Version 3.11 introduces a new exception type name In addition to that a new Output in Python 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n As we can see, it is highly valuable when we have multiple failure reasons which we want to disclose in one go.<\/p>\n\n\n\n https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/1d94827ee982a2e1415a229294f2242f<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The moment the code enters a comprehension block it’s now aware of the comprehension as to its current \u201cfunction context\u201d. In Python 3.11 though, comprehensions become implicitly asynchronous if they contain inner TOML <\/a>parsing is now part of the standard library just like JSON and CSV.https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/6f2cef1c457ef9538367ec0e0d5994aa<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.10:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Output in Python 3.11:<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s argued that Python 3.11 is 10\u201360% faster in run time compared to python 3.10. You can read more about it in the benchmarking section here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Python 3.11 is coming with a suite of improvements, both in performance and developer experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Learn these updates and up your programming game!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" A look at the new Python 3.11 features Link: https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/python-3-11-is-coming-heres-how-it-fares-against-python-3-10-675c00a28d4b Author: Eldad Uzman Publication date: April 10, 2022 According to the Python Software Foundation (PSF), Python 3.11 is in it\u2019s… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,10,65],"tags":[143],"class_list":["post-626","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-article","category-development","category-lang","tag-python-3-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=626"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":631,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/626\/revisions\/631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tbekk.com\/devstream\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Prolog<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
docker run -t -d python:3.10.4-bullseye<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
docker run -t -d python:3.11-rc-bullseye<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
1: Error Location<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
1
100
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 86, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 4, in <module>
print(d[\"key_11\"])
KeyError: 'key_11'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1
100
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 88, in _run_code
File \"\/root\/py311\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 4, in <module>
print(d[\"key_11\"])
~^^^^^^^^^^
KeyError: 'key_11'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n2: The \u2018
self\u2019 <\/code>type<\/h1>\n\n\n\nself<\/code> type has already been introduced in the typing extensions<\/code> module<\/a> and now it\u2019s promoted to the standard typing library.https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/2af9a76f625df0b92bd8bbe785fd6232<\/p>\n\n\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 86, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 2, in <module>
from typing import List, Tuple, Self<\/pre>\n\n\n\n{'content': (['a.txt', 'b.txt'],
[{'content': (['file1', 'file2'], None), 'name': 'dir1'}]),
'name': 'dir2'}<\/pre>\n\n\n\nsubdir<\/code> by the name of the class itself. But if the parent class name changes you\u2019d have to change all the annotation references accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\ntry:
from typing import Self
except ImportError:
from typing_extensions import Self<\/pre>\n\n\n\n3: Exception note<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
BaseException<\/code> class now has a __note__<\/code> class attribute defaults to None<\/code>.
You can override it with any string of your choice and provide further information.https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/021b0ccfc98187a751da8f310dbea4c3<\/p>\n\n\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 86, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 6, in <module>
raise MyException(\"some exception\")
__main__.MyException: some exception<\/pre>\n\n\n\nTraceback (most recent call last):
File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 88, in _run_code
File \"\/root\/py311\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 6, in <module>
raise MyException(\"some exception\")
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
MyException: some exception
this is my note :)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n4: Exception groups<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
ExceptionGroup<\/code> to throw a bundle of exceptions and handle them in an except<\/code> clause.<\/p>\n\n\n\nexcept*<\/code> syntax is introduced.https:\/\/betterprogramming.pub\/media\/3dd7c186e9002701cb58e5061eb1c528<\/p>\n\n\n\nFile \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 189, in _run_module_as_main
mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_main_module_details(_Error)
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 223, in _get_main_module_details
return _get_module_details(main_name)
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 157, in _get_module_details
code = loader.get_code(mod_name)
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>\", line 1017, in get_code
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>\", line 947, in source_to_code
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 18
except * (ToYoungException, EmailIsInvalidException) as exception_group_1:<\/pre>\n\n\n\nvalidations failed
+ Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
| File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
| File \"<frozen runpy>\", line 88, in _run_code
| ExceptionGroup: (1 sub-exception)
+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
| Exception Group Traceback (most recent call last):
| File \"\/root\/py311\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 14, in <module>
| raise ExceptionGroup(
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
| ExceptionGroup: Data validations (2 sub-exceptions)
+-+---------------- 1 ----------------
| ToYoungException: Age must be over 18 - age is 11
+---------------- 2 ----------------
| EmailIsInvalidException: Email must be valid some_wannabe_email
+------------------------------------
|
| The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
|
| Traceback (most recent call last):
| File \"\/root\/py311\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 20, in <module>
| raise ValueError from exception_group_1
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
| ValueError
+------------------------------------<\/pre>\n\n\n\n5. Nested Async Comprehensions<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 189, in _run_module_as_main
mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_main_module_details(_Error)
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 223, in _get_main_module_details
return _get_module_details(main_name)
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 157, in _get_module_details
code = loader.get_code(mod_name)
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>\", line 1017, in get_code
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>\", line 947, in source_to_code
File \"<frozen importlib._bootstrap>\", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 11
return { n: [x async for x in elements(n)] for n in range(3)}
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
SyntaxError: asynchronous comprehension outside of an asynchronous function<\/pre>\n\n\n\n{0: [1], 1: [1, 1], 2: [1, 2, 4], 3: [1, 3, 9, 27], 4: [1, 4, 16, 64, 256]}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
If the comprehension is not asynchronous then the inner code block can not have asynchronous statements.<\/p>\n\n\n\nasync <\/code>statements that allows for inner async<\/code> comprehensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n6: TOML parser<\/h1>\n\n\n\n
Traceback (most recent call last):
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File \"\/usr\/local\/lib\/python3.10\/runpy.py\", line 86, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File \"\/root\/py310\/myapp\/__main__.py\", line 2, in <module>
import tomllib
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tomllib'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n{'clients': {'data': [['gamma', 'delta'], [1, 2]], 'hosts': ['alpha', 'omega']},
'database': {'connection_max': 5000,
'enabled': True,
'ports': [8000, 8001, 8002],
'server': '192.168.1.1'},
'owner': {'dob': datetime.datetime(1979, 5, 27, 7, 32, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds=57600))),
'name': 'Tom Preston-Werner'},
'servers': {'alpha': {'dc': 'eqdc10', 'ip': '10.0.0.1'},
'beta': {'dc': 'eqdc10', 'ip': '10.0.0.2'}},
'title': 'TOML Example'}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n7. Performance Optimization<\/h1>\n\n\n\n